暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：方俊

单位：华南理工大学公共管理学院教授,博士。

关键词：集体行动理论,参与成本,群体规模,风险因素,搭便车

基金：国家社会科学基金项目“国家治理视角下第三部门政治参与的特征、效果及路径选择研究”(批准号:16BZZ025);广州市社会科学规划项目“国家治理新常态下广州社会组织政治参与机制建设研究”(批准号:15y04)

奥尔森基于自愿性特征把集体行动分为强制集体行动和非强制集体行动,非强制集体行动亦即自愿性集体行动。奥尔森在辨析集体行动的困境时,认为群体规模是导致这一困境的重要甚至是决定性诱因。对于这一观点,学界一直不敢苟同,因为“他忽视了太多的有效变量”。基于此,可把非强制集体行动视为一种风险投资,论证参与成本大小是影响理性人决定是否参与这种风险投资的主要因素。实际上,除了作为关键变量的参与成本之外,对非强制集体行动参与有影响的因素还包括预期收益(率)、风险因素,以及奥尔森所强调的群体规模等多个变量。在集体物品供给过程中理性人有搭便车的倾向,关于这一点我们和奥尔森的认知是一样的,但在搭便车现象的解释上,我们与奥尔森有较大差异:奥尔森强调的是群体规模,我们强调的是参与成本。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金项目“国家治理视角下第三部门政治参与的特征、效果及路径选择研究”(批准号:16BZZ025);广州市社会科学规划项目“国家治理新常态下广州社会组织政治参与机制建设研究”(批准号:15y04)"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["参与成本","搭便车","风险因素","集体行动理论","群体规模"],"juan":"40","zhaiyao_cn":"奥尔森基于自愿性特征把集体行动分为强制集体行动和非强制集体行动,非强制集体行动亦即自愿性集体行动。奥尔森在辨析集体行动的困境时,认为群体规模是导致这一困境的重要甚至是决定性诱因。对于这一观点,学界一直不敢苟同,因为“他忽视了太多的有效变量”。基于此,可把非强制集体行动视为一种风险投资,论证参与成本大小是影响理性人决定是否参与这种风险投资的主要因素。实际上,除了作为关键变量的参与成本之外,对非强制集体行动参与有影响的因素还包括预期收益(率)、风险因素,以及奥尔森所强调的群体规模等多个变量。在集体物品供给过程中理性人有搭便车的倾向,关于这一点我们和奥尔森的认知是一样的,但在搭便车现象的解释上,我们与奥尔森有较大差异:奥尔森强调的是群体规模,我们强调的是参与成本。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6015","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6015","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2018/V40/I2/50","qi":"2","id":6015,"nian":2018,"bianHao":"2018-2-50","zuoZheEn_L":"FANG Jun","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2018","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2018-03-07","qiShiYe":"50","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2018/V40/I2","lanMu_cn":"经济·管理","pdfSize":"629","zuoZhe_CN":"方俊","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6015","title_cn":"奥尔森参与成本与非强制集体行动理论再勘察:风险投资的角度","jieShuYe":"61","keywordList_en":["collective actions theory","free rider","group size","participation costs","risk factor"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6015","zhaiyao_en":"Mancur Olson divided collective actions into two types, namely obligatory and non-obligatory, the later of which, according to the characteristics of voluntary, is referred to as voluntary collective actions. 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来源：2018年第2期

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