暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：王雷

单位：中国政法大学民商经济法学院副教授,博士生导师,法学博士。

关键词：违约金酌减,具体考量因素,举证责任,利益动态衡量

基金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队项目(批准号:18CXTD08),“中国政法大学优秀中青年教师培养支持计划资助项目”(批准号:DSJCXZ180404)。

利益动态衡量融合利益衡量和动态系统论两种方法,包括利益发现和利益证成两个阶段:该方法将价值判断考量因素揭示出来,动态权衡其论证力强弱大小,以形成论证的合力。违约金酌减的构成要件无法具体化,更宜将相关考量因素动态系统化。通过对违约金酌减案件的社会实证分析,将违约金酌减考量因素揭示出来,减少法院在个案中不理性的感觉判断,避免“一刀切”式的机械司法。对过高违约金进行酌减时,应当结合案件的具体情形,根据公平原则和诚实信用原则对多种考量因素进行利益动态衡量,做“或多或少”式而非“全有全无”式的个案分析。对违约金是否过高的要件事实也不宜采取“全有全无”式的举证责任分配,而应该采取“违约方初步举证——举证责任转移至守约方”的方式,这也从实质上降低了违约方本证的证明标准,负有举证责任的合同当事人未尽到自己的举证责任时,法院不宜简单直接进行败诉判决。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队项目(批准号:18CXTD08),“中国政法大学优秀中青年教师培养支持计划资助项目”(批准号:DSJCXZ180404)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["举证责任","具体考量因素","利益动态衡量","违约金酌减"],"juan":"40","zhaiyao_cn":"利益动态衡量融合利益衡量和动态系统论两种方法,包括利益发现和利益证成两个阶段:该方法将价值判断考量因素揭示出来,动态权衡其论证力强弱大小,以形成论证的合力。违约金酌减的构成要件无法具体化,更宜将相关考量因素动态系统化。通过对违约金酌减案件的社会实证分析,将违约金酌减考量因素揭示出来,减少法院在个案中不理性的感觉判断,避免“一刀切”式的机械司法。对过高违约金进行酌减时,应当结合案件的具体情形,根据公平原则和诚实信用原则对多种考量因素进行利益动态衡量,做“或多或少”式而非“全有全无”式的个案分析。对违约金是否过高的要件事实也不宜采取“全有全无”式的举证责任分配,而应该采取“违约方初步举证——举证责任转移至守约方”的方式,这也从实质上降低了违约方本证的证明标准,负有举证责任的合同当事人未尽到自己的举证责任时,法院不宜简单直接进行败诉判决。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6176","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6176","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2018/V40/I11/47","qi":"11","id":6176,"nian":2018,"bianHao":"2018-11-47","zuoZheEn_L":"WANG Lei","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2018","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2018-11-08","qiShiYe":"47","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2018/V40/I11","lanMu_cn":"法学","pdfSize":"650","zuoZhe_CN":"王雷","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6176","title_cn":"违约金酌减中的利益动态衡量","jieShuYe":"56","keywordList_en":["Burden of proof","Discretionary reduction of liquidated damages","Dynamic balancing of interest","Specific considerations"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6176","zhaiyao_en":"The dynamic balancing of interest combines balancing of interest and dynamic system theory, which also includes two stages of interest discovery and interest argumentation. 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来源：2018年第11期

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