暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：邓华

单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所博士后、助理研究员。

关键词：国际法院,习惯国际法,环境影响评价,国家实践,方法

基金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助一等资助项目“国际法院认定习惯国际法的逻辑推理方法”(批准号:2018M630249);国家社会科学基金项目“人工智能背景下自主武器系统相关国际法问题研究”(批准号:19BFX209)。

基于认定习惯国际法的“两要素”说,国际法院往往在个案中通过同时考察“国家实践”和“法律确信”来完成对一项习惯国际法规则的认定,在逻辑推理层面体现为归纳法。但是,实践表明,国际法院在认定环境影响评价规则作为习惯国际法时却出现了对传统路径的“背离”,在方法上既非严格的归纳法,亦非演绎法,而是倾向于“断定”或“不证自明”。这一现象值得我们关注或警惕:第一,它体现了国际社会对环境保护的重视以及国际司法对国际法“绿色化”和“人本化”的回应;第二,传统的“两要素”说存在着被重构的可能;第三,“断定”相较于归纳法和演绎法更容易导致司法造法,而且仍需进一步寻找被正当化的理由。此外,国际法院的机构性质、判决的效力范围、以及国际司法机构的扩散及不成体系等一系列因素决定了国际法院认定的习惯国际法存在着局限,同时这也构成了此研究命题自身的边界。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["中国博士后科学基金面上资助一等资助项目“国际法院认定习惯国际法的逻辑推理方法”(批准号:2018M630249);国家社会科学基金项目“人工智能背景下自主武器系统相关国际法问题研究”(批准号:19BFX209)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["方法","国际法院","国家实践","环境影响评价","习惯国际法"],"juan":"42","zhaiyao_cn":"基于认定习惯国际法的“两要素”说,国际法院往往在个案中通过同时考察“国家实践”和“法律确信”来完成对一项习惯国际法规则的认定,在逻辑推理层面体现为归纳法。但是,实践表明,国际法院在认定环境影响评价规则作为习惯国际法时却出现了对传统路径的“背离”,在方法上既非严格的归纳法,亦非演绎法,而是倾向于“断定”或“不证自明”。这一现象值得我们关注或警惕:第一,它体现了国际社会对环境保护的重视以及国际司法对国际法“绿色化”和“人本化”的回应;第二,传统的“两要素”说存在着被重构的可能;第三,“断定”相较于归纳法和演绎法更容易导致司法造法,而且仍需进一步寻找被正当化的理由。此外,国际法院的机构性质、判决的效力范围、以及国际司法机构的扩散及不成体系等一系列因素决定了国际法院认定的习惯国际法存在着局限,同时这也构成了此研究命题自身的边界。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6419","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6419","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2020/V42/I7/67","qi":"7","id":6419,"nian":2020,"bianHao":"2020-7-67","zuoZheEn_L":"DENG Hua","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2020","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2020-07-07","qiShiYe":"67","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2020/V42/I7","lanMu_cn":"国际法","pdfSize":"734","zuoZhe_CN":"邓华","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6419","title_cn":"国际法院认定环评规则为习惯法的路径、方法和局限","jieShuYe":"81","keywordList_en":[" methods","customary international law","environmental impact assessment","International Court of Justice","State practice"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6419","zhaiyao_en":"Based on the “two-element” theory, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has been supposed to identify the Customary International Law (CIL) by observing the two constituent elements separately case by case, namely, “State practice” and “opinio juris”, which is reflected as the induction theory at the level of logic reasoning. 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来源：2020年第7期

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