暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：张务农

单位：河南大学教育学部。感谢吕萍老师和贾保先老师对本文提供的技术支持！

关键词：创新意向,知识创新,创新伦理,智能科研,ChatGPT,学术职业

人工智能正在重塑社会生活,其对知识创新的影响进而对学术职业的挑战值得认真探究。鉴于以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能在自然语言处理方面的显著进步,而语言既是人类的本质特征,也是知识创新的操作系统,本研究以ChatGPT为例从知识创新视角分析人工智能取代人类工作的可能性。研究通过概念分析,进而从创新意向、创新水平与特点、创新伦理三个维度,讨论人类学术工作被机器替代或影响的现实可能性,并对ChatGPT进行测试,验证人工智能承担知识任务的实际效果。研究认为,人工智能不具创新意向,因此知识创新任务仍需由人类发起、主导和审查;在创新水平上,人工智能在承担组合性创新任务中优势与缺陷并存,在承担探索性创新任务上表现最好但难掩瑕疵,它根本上不能胜任变革性创新任务;在创新伦理上,人工智能不具备独立的伦理判断能力而是受制于人类植入机器的代码。相较于其在知识创新方面的表现,当前人工智能在创新伦理方面的表现更弱,无法代替人类,反而为人类知识分子提出了新的思考课题和任务。尽管如此,人工智能正深刻影响着人类的学术生活,人要养成与人工智能有效合作的能力,包括人类智能与机器智能融合的科研思维、设计和操作能力,以及对其反思批判的能力。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"article":{"keywordList_cn":["创新意向","知识创新","创新伦理","智能科研","ChatGPT","学术职业"],"juan":"45","zhaiyao_cn":"人工智能正在重塑社会生活,其对知识创新的影响进而对学术职业的挑战值得认真探究。鉴于以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能在自然语言处理方面的显著进步,而语言既是人类的本质特征,也是知识创新的操作系统,本研究以ChatGPT为例从知识创新视角分析人工智能取代人类工作的可能性。研究通过概念分析,进而从创新意向、创新水平与特点、创新伦理三个维度,讨论人类学术工作被机器替代或影响的现实可能性,并对ChatGPT进行测试,验证人工智能承担知识任务的实际效果。研究认为,人工智能不具创新意向,因此知识创新任务仍需由人类发起、主导和审查;在创新水平上,人工智能在承担组合性创新任务中优势与缺陷并存,在承担探索性创新任务上表现最好但难掩瑕疵,它根本上不能胜任变革性创新任务;在创新伦理上,人工智能不具备独立的伦理判断能力而是受制于人类植入机器的代码。相较于其在知识创新方面的表现,当前人工智能在创新伦理方面的表现更弱,无法代替人类,反而为人类知识分子提出了新的思考课题和任务。尽管如此,人工智能正深刻影响着人类的学术生活,人要养成与人工智能有效合作的能力,包括人类智能与机器智能融合的科研思维、设计和操作能力,以及对其反思批判的能力。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6677","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6677","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20230555","qi":"4","id":6677,"nian":2023,"bianHao":"1686302572284-1363137460","zuoZheEn_L":"ZHANG Wunong","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2023-06-09","qiShiYe":"25","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023/V45/I4","lanMu_cn":"人工智能研究","pdfSize":"688","zuoZhe_CN":"张务农","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6677","title_cn":"人工智能危及学术职业？——知识创新的分析视角","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20230555","jieShuYe":"36","keywordList_en":["innovation intention","knowledge innovation","innovation ethics","intelligent scientific research","chatgpt","academic profession"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6677","zhaiyao_en":"The continuous technological progress of artificial intelligence is reshaping social life. Its impacts on knowledge innovation as well as challenges to academic careers deserve careful exploration. In view of the significant progress in natural language processing represented by artificial intelligence, such as chatgpt, which is both an essential feature of human beings and an operating system for knowledge innovation, this study takes chatgpt as an example to analyze the possibility of artificial intelligence replacing human work from the perspective of knowledge innovation. Through the conceptual analysis, the study discussed the realistic possibility of human academic work being replaced or influenced by machines from three levels: innovation intention, innovation level and characteristics, and innovation ethics. It also tested chatgpt with research collaborators to verify the actual effectiveness of artificial intelligence in undertaking knowledge tasks. Research suggests that artificial intelligence has no intention of innovation, so knowledge innovation tasks still need to be initiated, led, and reviewed by humans. In terms of innovation level, artificial intelligence has both advantages and disadvantages in undertaking combinatorial innovation tasks, and performs best in undertaking exploratory innovation tasks, but it is difficult to hide its shortcomings. It is fundamentally not competent for transformative innovation tasks; In terms of innovation ethics, artificial intelligence does not have independent ethical judgment capabilities, but is subject to the code implanted by humans into machines. Compared with its performance in knowledge innovation, the current performance of artificial intelligence in innovation ethics is weaker and cannot replace humans. Instead, it has proposed new thinking topics and tasks for human intellectuals. Despite this, artificial intelligence is profoundly affecting human academic life. People need to develop the ability to effectively cooperate with artificial intelligence, including the ability to integrate human intelligence with machine intelligence in scientific research, design, and operation, as well as the ability to view it with reflection and criticism.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6677","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20230555","zuoZheCn_L":"张务农","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023/V45/I4","zuoZhe_EN":"ZHANG Wunong","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6677","title_en":"AI Threatens Academic Career? —From the Perspective of Knowledge Innovation","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["张务农,河南大学教育学部。感谢吕萍老师和贾保先老师对本文提供的技术支持！"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2023年第4期

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