暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：文宏, 杜菲菲

单位：华南理工大学公共管理学院。

关键词：危机决策,专家参与,能力落差,专家功能

基金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“重大突发公共卫生事件背景下的城市治理研究”(21JZD037); 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代我国基层社会治理研究”(18JZD042)。

如何平衡好行政权威与知识权威的关系,充分发挥专家在危机决策中的作用,是危机管理的重要命题。已有研究形成了专家功能的类型论、约束论和路径论等范式,但对专家参与危机决策何以可能的问题还缺乏深刻的回答。基于经验认识和理论研究,构建出专家参与危机决策的能力落差框架。研究发现:专家参与危机决策集中体现出三种功能机制,表征了专家在危机决策中的重要价值。一是基于程序性落差的政策阐释功能,体现出正当化与民主化的双重机制,阐释决策举措必要性的同时,保证了危机决策过程的合法性;二是基于科学性落差的决策优化功能,促进决策内容从模糊走向清晰、决策方案从错位到匹配;三是基于共识性落差的舆论引导功能,发挥了舆论缓冲和宣传动员的机制,引导理性沟通氛围,促进危机防范意识的提升。聚焦专家功能及机制的研究,为理解专家与政府的互动图景提供了逻辑指向,丰富了专家参与和危机管理的理论体系。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“重大突发公共卫生事件背景下的城市治理研究”(21JZD037); 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代我国基层社会治理研究”(18JZD042)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["危机决策","专家参与","能力落差","专家功能"],"juan":"45","zhaiyao_cn":"如何平衡好行政权威与知识权威的关系,充分发挥专家在危机决策中的作用,是危机管理的重要命题。已有研究形成了专家功能的类型论、约束论和路径论等范式,但对专家参与危机决策何以可能的问题还缺乏深刻的回答。基于经验认识和理论研究,构建出专家参与危机决策的能力落差框架。研究发现:专家参与危机决策集中体现出三种功能机制,表征了专家在危机决策中的重要价值。一是基于程序性落差的政策阐释功能,体现出正当化与民主化的双重机制,阐释决策举措必要性的同时,保证了危机决策过程的合法性;二是基于科学性落差的决策优化功能,促进决策内容从模糊走向清晰、决策方案从错位到匹配;三是基于共识性落差的舆论引导功能,发挥了舆论缓冲和宣传动员的机制,引导理性沟通氛围,促进危机防范意识的提升。聚焦专家功能及机制的研究,为理解专家与政府的互动图景提供了逻辑指向,丰富了专家参与和危机管理的理论体系。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6692","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6692","articleType":"","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20221957","qi":"5","id":6692,"nian":2023,"bianHao":"1686535947493-845464424","zuoZheEn_L":"WEN Hong, DU Feifei","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2023-06-12","qiShiYe":"86","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023/V45/I5","lanMu_cn":"新型权利论坛","pdfSize":"943","zuoZhe_CN":"文宏, 杜菲菲","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6692","title_cn":"专家参与危机决策何以可能:基于能力落差框架的分析","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20221957","jieShuYe":"98","keywordList_en":["decision-making in crisis","expert participation","capacity gap","expert function"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6692","zhaiyao_en":"Against the background of risk society, public crisis events are featured with frequent occurrence, which challenges the government's capability of handling crisis in all aspects. Experts have an increasing influence on government decisions both in national strategic choices, such as scientific and technological research and development, ecological protection and health, and in global governance actions, such as climate change, counter-terrorism security and sustainable development. An important topic of crisis management is how to strike a balance between administrative power and knowledge authority, and to fully utilize the role of experts in decision-making in crisis. The existing research has formed such paradigms as typology, constraint theory and path theory of expert function, which clarified the basic attributes, influencing factors and developing paths of expert function. However, the existing research has not established the logical relationship among the characteristics of decision-making in crisis, the ability of government decision-making in crisis, and the expert function, and has not formed a universal analytical framework for the expert function in decision-making in crisis. It can be said that the expert participation in decision-making in crisis remains a “black box”. A policy process to handle crisis problems is the essence of crisis decision by exporting public policies. The legitimacy of public policy itself is a key reflection of decision-making ability in crisis, and is also the basis of ensuring the smooth operation of the system and maintaining a good social order. This paper constructs a framework of the capacity gap of experts to participate in decision-making in crisis based on the practical experience and theoretical research. The earthquake-formed Tangjiashan Lake, the Wangjialing mine disaster rescue, the Shanghai Bund stampede and the Shanxi “Sticker” vaccine were chosen as the four different sorts of emergencies, by using a multi-case study methodology to illustrate the function and mechanism of experts in decision-making in crisis at length. According to the research, the participation of experts in decision-making in crisis embodies three functional mechanisms, which indicate the significant value of experts in decision-making in crisis. First of all, the role of policy interpretation, based on the procedural gap, embodies the dual mechanisms of legitimization and democratization, and explains the need for decision-making measures so as to ensure the validity of decision-making in crisis process. Secondly, the role of policy optimization, based on the scientific gap, promotes a clearer decision-making content and a more matched decision-making scheme. Thirdly, the role of public opinion guidance, based on the consensus gap, works as the public opinion buffer and the mechanism of propaganda mobilization, which guides the rational communication atmosphere, and promotes the awareness of crisis prevention. This study reveals the specific functional mechanism of experts' involvement in decision-making in crisis by combining normative argumentation and case study. It enriches the theoretical system of expert participation and crisis management, and provides a logical direction for comprehending the relationship between experts and government. It is beneficial to fully utilize the function of knowledge authority in the difficult decision-making situation, to realize the positive interaction between knowledge authority and administrative authority, and to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance ability.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6692","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20221957","zuoZheCn_L":"文宏, 杜菲菲","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023/V45/I5","zuoZhe_EN":"WEN Hong, DU Feifei","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6692","title_en":"On a Framework of the Capacity Gap of Experts to Participate in Decision-making in Crisis","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["文宏、杜菲菲,华南理工大学公共管理学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2023年第5期

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