暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：李可

单位：新疆大学法学院教授。

关键词：司法回避,关系对象,距离,标准,模式

基金：新疆大学科研启动项目“民法典习惯司法适用机制研究”(BS202205)。

虽然当代中国司法回避之关系对象距离的总体趋势是持续扩张,但存在规范发展之间的不协调、不协同等现象,隐藏在上述关系对象距离背后的标准大都比较模糊,且未完全体现司法回避之关系对象的距离随着法治发展而拓展、刑事诉讼法应比民事诉讼法的司法回避之关系对象距离要长等规律。在司法回避条款中应尽量穷尽列举可能影响司法中立和权威的关系回避类型,实现一般诉讼程序规定与三大诉讼法在司法回避关系对象距离上的协同发展。确定司法回避之关系对象距离的标准和兜底条款应尽可能地具体化,并将“可能影响司法的中立和权威”规定为司法回避之关系对象距离背后的统一标准,从而完善司法回避之关系对象距离的法定与酌定相结合的混合模式。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["新疆大学科研启动项目“民法典习惯司法适用机制研究”(BS202205)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["司法回避","关系对象","距离","标准","模式"],"juan":"45","zhaiyao_cn":"虽然当代中国司法回避之关系对象距离的总体趋势是持续扩张,但存在规范发展之间的不协调、不协同等现象,隐藏在上述关系对象距离背后的标准大都比较模糊,且未完全体现司法回避之关系对象的距离随着法治发展而拓展、刑事诉讼法应比民事诉讼法的司法回避之关系对象距离要长等规律。在司法回避条款中应尽量穷尽列举可能影响司法中立和权威的关系回避类型,实现一般诉讼程序规定与三大诉讼法在司法回避关系对象距离上的协同发展。确定司法回避之关系对象距离的标准和兜底条款应尽可能地具体化,并将“可能影响司法的中立和权威”规定为司法回避之关系对象距离背后的统一标准,从而完善司法回避之关系对象距离的法定与酌定相结合的混合模式。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6849","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6849","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20212276","qi":"11","id":6849,"nian":2023,"bianHao":"1700464939468-1626658161","zuoZheEn_L":"LI Ke","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2023-11-20","qiShiYe":"73","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023/V45/I11","lanMu_cn":"中国式现代化·司法制度","pdfSize":"655","zuoZhe_CN":"李可","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6849","title_cn":"论司法回避之关系对象的距离","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20212276","jieShuYe":"85","keywordList_en":["Judicial recusal","relational objects","distance","standards","mode"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6849","zhaiyao_en":"From a normative or textual point of view, a significant portion of the types of judicial recusal are not emphasized by contemporary Chinese judicial administrators. If the judicial personnel are regarded as the origin, a person or a collection of persons who have a specific social relationship with the judicial personnel, as stipulated by laws, judicial interpretations and judicial documents, so that the personnel have to recuse themselves, is the relational object of judicial recusal. The laws, judicial interpretations and judicial documents in force in China are not very consistent in determining the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal, and they invariably make selective enumeration of the relational objects that may affect judicial neutrality and fair handling of cases. Although the general trend of the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal in contemporary China has continued to expand, there are phenomena such as incoherence and lack of synergy between normative developments. The criteria behind the distance of the aforementioned relational object are mostly vague and do not fully reflect the rule that the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal expands with the development of the rule of law and that the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal in criminal procedure law should be longer than that in civil procedure law. These seem to be deeply embedded in the current hybrid model of combining enumerative and generalized approaches to determining the distance of the relational object for judicial recusal in China, and are also prominently reflected in the enumerative provisions. It is the specific enumeration of the types of relationship recusal in this model that really marks the development of the relationship distance and judicial neutrality and authority of judicial recusal in contemporary China. In the judicial recusal provisions, we should try to exhaust the list of types of relationship recusal that may affect judicial neutrality and authority, to achieve the synergistic development of the general procedural provisions and the three major litigation laws in the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal. In the administration of justice, the case officer should take the initiative to disclose his or her social relationship with the interested party in the case to the manager and the person concerned, and if case officers are later found to have violated such obligation, they should be subject to disciplinary and even legal responsibility. The criteria for determining the distance of the subject of judicial recusal and the underwriting clause should be as specific as possible, and the expression “may affect the neutrality and authority of the judiciary” should be stipulated as the unified standard behind the distance of the subject of judicial recusal, so as to improve the mixed model of statutory and discretionary distance of the subject of judicial recusal. The improvement of the distance of the relational object of judicial recusal and its standard should be based mainly on the extent to which the relational object may affect judicial neutrality and authority, and at the same time combine the hierarchy of judicial organs, the quality and quantity of judicial personnel, the social structure of the jurisdiction and other factors, so as to strike an appropriate balance between judicial neutrality & authority and judicial cost & efficiency, as well as the balance between judicial justice and the privacy of judicial personnel, so as to determine the appropriate length and standard.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6849","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20212276","zuoZheCn_L":"李可","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023/V45/I11","zuoZhe_EN":"LI Ke","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6849","title_en":"On the Distance of the Relational Objects of Judicial Recusal","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["李可,新疆大学法学院教授。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2023年第11期

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