暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：夏小雄

单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所。

关键词：商法典,再商法化,再法典化,民商合一,民商分立

基金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“公司双重股权结构司法审查标准研究”(19BFX132)。

在当下中国私法立法完善过程中,关于商法典立法理论界和实务界一直存有争议。反对制定商法典的理由主要有两个:一是在民法典采纳民商合一立法体例的情况下没有必要制定商法典;二是随着“解法典化”运动的发生,特别商事立法不断增多且发挥重要作用,商法典已经失去其“中心地位”和“应有功能”。从比较法视角加以观察会发现,采纳民商合一立法体例的国家在考虑将商法“再商法化”,以解决统一民法典在规范商事关系层面的不足和缺陷;采纳民商分立立法体例的国家则已将商法“再法典化”,通过重构商法典梳理商法规范,使得商法体系能够充分回应商事实践需要。当然,立法机构已经更新法典化理念,认为不应将所有商法规范纳入到商法典中,商法典立法的根本任务在于重构商法体系、确立原则规范、更新制度构成,商法典与商事特别立法之间并不冲突,两者共同致力于商事关系的全面规范调整。商法“再商法化”和“再法典化”的当代经验考察对于中国商法体系完善具有重要的参考意义。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金一般项目“公司双重股权结构司法审查标准研究”(19BFX132)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["商法典","再商法化","再法典化","民商合一","民商分立"],"juan":"45","zhaiyao_cn":"在当下中国私法立法完善过程中,关于商法典立法理论界和实务界一直存有争议。反对制定商法典的理由主要有两个:一是在民法典采纳民商合一立法体例的情况下没有必要制定商法典;二是随着“解法典化”运动的发生,特别商事立法不断增多且发挥重要作用,商法典已经失去其“中心地位”和“应有功能”。从比较法视角加以观察会发现,采纳民商合一立法体例的国家在考虑将商法“再商法化”,以解决统一民法典在规范商事关系层面的不足和缺陷;采纳民商分立立法体例的国家则已将商法“再法典化”,通过重构商法典梳理商法规范,使得商法体系能够充分回应商事实践需要。当然,立法机构已经更新法典化理念,认为不应将所有商法规范纳入到商法典中,商法典立法的根本任务在于重构商法体系、确立原则规范、更新制度构成,商法典与商事特别立法之间并不冲突,两者共同致力于商事关系的全面规范调整。商法“再商法化”和“再法典化”的当代经验考察对于中国商法体系完善具有重要的参考意义。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6847","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=6847","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20221928","qi":"11","id":6847,"nian":2023,"bianHao":"1700464938928-2033400971","zuoZheEn_L":"XIA Xiaoxiong","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2023","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2023-11-20","qiShiYe":"47","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2023/V45/I11","lanMu_cn":"中国式现代化·民商法","pdfSize":"689","zuoZhe_CN":"夏小雄","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=6847","title_cn":"商法的“再商法化”和“再法典化”——基于比较法的观察","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20221928","jieShuYe":"60","keywordList_en":["commercial code","re-commercialization","re-codification","combination of civil code and commercial code","separation of civil code and commercial code"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=6847","zhaiyao_en":"In the process of improving China's private law legislation, there has been controversy in the theoretical and practical circles about the legislation of the Commercial Code. There are two main reasons for opposing the enactment of a commercial code: first, there is no need to formulate a commercial code when the civil code adopts the combination model of civil and commercial law; second, with the occurrence of the “decodification” movement, special commercial legislation has been increasing and play an important role, and the commercial Code has lost its “central position” and “due functions”.From the perspective of comparative legal, it will be found that countries that adopt combination model are considering “re-commercialization” of commercial law to solve the shortcomings of the unified civil code in regulating commercial relations. Italian scholars emphasized the need to transcend the normative system framework established by the Italian Civil Code in 1942 and promote the formation of a new commercial law system by researching and establishing new concepts, new responsibilities, and new systems, especially the interpretation of “commercial law as corporate law” from the theoretical logic and the systematic approach. The commercial law system after the process of “re-commercialization” should have its own independent principles and methods. Under the private law system, the commercial law should have equal status with civil law; In order to overcome the shortcomings of the 2002 Civil Code in the regulation of commercial relations, Brazilian academic circles put forward the idea of “enacting a new commercial code” soon after the enactment of the Civil Code. After years of preparation, the draft of the Commercial Code has been submitted to the legislative body for review. The Commercial Code legislation aims to enhance the certainty of commercial law rules, promote the modernization of the commercial legal system, confirm the functions of commercial customs and autonomous norms, simplify the legal rules for business operations, and enhance the international level of the Brazilian commercial law system.Countries that have adopted the separation model of civil and commercial law have “re-codified” commercial law. For example, France has re-codified its commercial code, Austria has enacted a corporate code, Belgium has enacted an economic code, and Spain has also submitted a new commercial code to the legislative body. These countries hope to sort out commercial law norms by restructuring the commercial code, so that the commercial law system can fully respond to the needs of commercial practice. Of course, the legislature has updated the concept of codification, believing that all commercial law norms should not be incorporated into the Commercial Code, and the fundamental task of the Commercial Code legislation is to reconstruct the commercial law system, establish principle norms, and update the composition of the system. There is no conflict between the Commercial Code and special commercial legislation, and both are jointly committed to the comprehensive regulation of commercial relations. 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来源：2023年第11期

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