暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：程啸

单位：清华大学法学院。

关键词：合法利益,个人信息处理,法律根据,个人信息保护法

基金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济治理体系法治化研究”(23&ZD155);清华大学自主科研计划项目“个人信息权益研究”(2021THZWYY02)。

我国《个人信息保护法》《民法典》等法律未如欧盟《通用数据保护条例》那样将个人信息处理者(或第三方)的合法利益作为一类独立的个人信息处理的法律根据。这种规定是科学合理的。一方面,合法利益的范围过于宽泛,并且适用前需要考虑个案情形及各种因素进行利益平衡测试,所以在解释上和适用上具有较大的不可预期性和难度,也不符合我国法律严格规范个人信息处理活动及充分保护个人信息权益的要求。另一方面,我国现行法律制度足以保护个人信息处理者(或第三方)的合法利益,司法实践中处理者(或第三方)的合法利益抗辩都可以通过有关规定逐一解决。此外,我国法也对处理者(或第三方)的合法利益与个人的权益间位阶有相应的规定。故此,合法利益不应当作为我国法上个人信息处理的法律根据。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济治理体系法治化研究”(23&ZD155);清华大学自主科研计划项目“个人信息权益研究”(2021THZWYY02)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["合法利益","个人信息处理","法律根据","个人信息保护法"],"juan":"46","zhaiyao_cn":"我国《个人信息保护法》《民法典》等法律未如欧盟《通用数据保护条例》那样将个人信息处理者(或第三方)的合法利益作为一类独立的个人信息处理的法律根据。这种规定是科学合理的。一方面,合法利益的范围过于宽泛,并且适用前需要考虑个案情形及各种因素进行利益平衡测试,所以在解释上和适用上具有较大的不可预期性和难度,也不符合我国法律严格规范个人信息处理活动及充分保护个人信息权益的要求。另一方面,我国现行法律制度足以保护个人信息处理者(或第三方)的合法利益,司法实践中处理者(或第三方)的合法利益抗辩都可以通过有关规定逐一解决。此外,我国法也对处理者(或第三方)的合法利益与个人的权益间位阶有相应的规定。故此,合法利益不应当作为我国法上个人信息处理的法律根据。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7059","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7059","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240852","qi":"9","id":7059,"nian":2024,"bianHao":"1730086075627-1523046565","zuoZheEn_L":"CHENG Xiao","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2024-10-28","qiShiYe":"52","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024/V46/I9","lanMu_cn":"法学研究·民法典实施","pdfSize":"1184","zuoZhe_CN":"程啸","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7059","title_cn":"处理者的合法利益不是个人信息处理的法律根据","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20240852","jieShuYe":"64","keywordList_en":["legitimate interests","personal information processing","legal basis","Personal Information Protection Law"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7059","zhaiyao_en":"The China Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL), China Civil Code (CCC) and other laws do not regard the legitimate interests of personal information processors (or third parties) as an independent legal basis for the processing of personal information as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does. This has led to some criticism and doubts: does this constitute a legislative loophole? How can the balance of interests between personal information processors (or third parties) and individuals be achieved under current Chinese law?This article, by reviewing relevant EU legislation and incorporating the authoritative opinions of EU specialized working groups and foreign legal theories, examines the specific content and application methods of legitimate interests as a legal basis for personal information processing under EU law. It points out that this approach has significant drawbacks and cannot be directly transplanted into the PIPL. Moreover, upon examining Chinese law, it can be found that comprehensive and systematic application of the existing law is in fact sufficient to protect the legitimate interests of processors and third parties. It neither needs nor should introduce legitimate interests as an independent legal basis for personal information processing. It is right and reasonable that Article 13, Paragraph 1 of the PIPL does not include legitimate interests as an independent legal basis for personal information processing.Specifically, on the one hand, from the Data Protection Directive to the GDPR, the scope of legitimate interests under EU law has always been too broad, and individual case circumstances and various factors need to be considered before application for interest balance test. Therefore, there is greater unpredictability and difficulty in interpretation and application, and it does not comply with the strict norms of Personal information processing and fully protecting personal information rights and interests in China. On the other hand, CCC, PIPL Cybersecurity Law and other Chinese laws already contain provisions that specifically protect the legitimate interests of processors and third parties in the personal information processing activities. For example, these provisions cover the processing of personal information necessary to fulfill legal obligations, the processing of personal information conducted in the public interest, and the processing of personal information necessary in emergencies to protect the life, health, and property safety of natural persons. As for situations that are not emergencies but are still necessary to protect the life, health, and property safety of processors or third parties-such as providing personal information for litigation or dispute resolution, processing personal information for debt collection, and processing personal information for marketing purposes-these can also be resolved one by one through relevant regulations. In addition, China law also has corresponding provisions on the hierarchy between the legitimate interests of the processor (or a third party) and the rights and interests of individuals. Therefore, legitimate interests should not be used as the legal basis for the processing of personal information under Chinese law.This study, based on an analysis of foreign laws and a thorough understanding of domestic laws, reveals that while the EU and China share similar concerns in balancing the interests of processors (or third parties) and individuals, they have taken different technical approaches. This helps in scientifically viewing legal differences, promoting a full understanding and application of China's existing reasonable legal system, and advancing the development and improvement of the rule of law in personal information protection.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7059","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240852","zuoZheCn_L":"程啸","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024/V46/I9","zuoZhe_EN":"CHENG Xiao","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7059","title_en":"Legitimate Interest of Processor is not Legal Basis for Personal Information Processing","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["程啸, 清华大学法学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2024年第9期

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