暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：梅扬

单位：武汉大学法学院,武汉大学中华民族共同体法治研究院。

关键词：授权改革试点,比例原则,裁量权,法益均衡

授权改革试点制度是我国协调改革与法治之张力的一种创新举措。全国人大及其常委会在授权改革试点制度中享有广泛的裁量空间和权限,并涉及不同角度、不同层次、不同方面的法益衡量,以确保自身所选定的试点措施既能够保持在改革发展目标的辐射范围内,又不会过度背离既存的统一法秩序。比例原则主要针对的是国家权力中的手段裁量权,在裁量治理上具有显著的功能优势。全国人大及其常委会作出授权改革试点决定应当遵循比例原则,通过适当性、必要性、均衡性的依序审查,降低改革试错的系统风险与制度成本,避免不合理的试点措施可能造成的全国性破坏结果,最终实现推动改革发展的“动态功能”与维护法制统一的“稳态功能”之平衡。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"article":{"keywordList_cn":["授权改革试点","比例原则","裁量权","法益均衡"],"juan":"46","zhaiyao_cn":"授权改革试点制度是我国协调改革与法治之张力的一种创新举措。全国人大及其常委会在授权改革试点制度中享有广泛的裁量空间和权限,并涉及不同角度、不同层次、不同方面的法益衡量,以确保自身所选定的试点措施既能够保持在改革发展目标的辐射范围内,又不会过度背离既存的统一法秩序。比例原则主要针对的是国家权力中的手段裁量权,在裁量治理上具有显著的功能优势。全国人大及其常委会作出授权改革试点决定应当遵循比例原则,通过适当性、必要性、均衡性的依序审查,降低改革试错的系统风险与制度成本,避免不合理的试点措施可能造成的全国性破坏结果,最终实现推动改革发展的“动态功能”与维护法制统一的“稳态功能”之平衡。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7092","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7092","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240553","qi":"10","id":7092,"nian":2024,"bianHao":"1733126586424-2042490976","zuoZheEn_L":"MEI Yang","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2024-12-02","qiShiYe":"46","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024/V46/I10","lanMu_cn":"法学·授权改革试点","pdfSize":"685","zuoZhe_CN":"梅扬","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7092","title_cn":"比例原则视域下我国授权改革试点制度的优化","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20240553","jieShuYe":"60","keywordList_en":["authorized pilot reform","principle of proportionality","discretionary power","balance of legal interests"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7092","zhaiyao_en":"To eliminate the structural contradiction between reform and the rule of law, the Legislative Law amended in 2015 formally established the pilot system of authorized reform at the legal level. However, apart from the Legislative Law, there are no laws and regulations in China that further stipulate the pilot system of authorized reform, and many of its elements are still in a legal grey area. Existing literature mainly focuses on the constitutionality and legality of the pilot system of authorized reform. At the same time, there is a dearth of literature focusing on the rationality of the pilot system of authorized reform, especially the lack of refined analysis from the perspective of the principle of proportionality.By analyzing the origin and development of the principle of proportionality and the meaning of its three sub-principles, this paper finds that the principle of proportionality mainly targets the discretionary power of the state power, and shows significant functional advantages in the governance of discretionary power, which is conducive to promoting the balance between public interests and individual interests. From the provisions of Article 16 of the current Legislative Law, and in conjunction with the 25 pilot decisions on authorized reforms made by the National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committee, the NPC and its Standing Committee enjoy a wide range of discretionary space and authority in the process of making pilot decisions on authorized reforms, which can be broadly categorized into five main types, namely, “modal discretion”, “temporal discretion”, “regional discretion”, “matter discretion” and “reporting obligation discretion”. Applying the principle of proportionality in the pilot system of authorized reform is fully justified. Specifically, through the sequential review of appropriateness, necessity and balance, it reduces the systemic risk and institutional cost of trial and error in reform, avoids the nationwide destructive results that may be caused by unreasonable pilot measures, and ultimately achieves a balance between the “dynamic function” of promoting reform and development, and the “steady-state function” of safeguarding the unity of the legal system. This paper adopts the principle of proportionality to establish a set of rationality review standards and analysis framework with normative significance and practical operability for China's pilot system of authorized reform. Through certain conceptual adjustments and expression transformation of the three sub-principles of the principle of proportionality, all the discretionary powers existing in the pilot system of authorized reform are included in the scope of review of the principle of proportionality, which provides a more standardized and refined operational guideline for the NPC and its Standing Committee to scientifically create the space for pilot reforms and to accurately grasp the pilot reform initiatives.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7092","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240553","zuoZheCn_L":"梅扬","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024/V46/I10","zuoZhe_EN":"MEI Yang","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7092","title_en":"The Optimization of China's Pilot System of Authorized Reform from the Perspective of the Principle of Proportionality","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["梅扬,武汉大学法学院,武汉大学中华民族共同体法治研究院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2024年第10期

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