暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：秦小建

单位：中南财经政法大学法学院。

关键词：授权改革试点,宪法实践创新,法治与改革关系,合宪性

基金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全国人大常委会授权的宪法定位及规范化实施研究”(22BFX023)。

全国人大常委会作出授权改革试点决定,是在新时代改革形势下在法治轨道上协调具体法律制度与改革紧张关系的创新举措,构成了一项重大的宪法实践创新。虽然《立法法》将这一实践创新确立为法律制度,但仍需从宪法视角来理解其宪法意义及宪制功能,据此为其上升为宪法正式制度提供规范依据。授权改革试点作为一种独特的授权类型,在性质、目的及所涉及的宪法权限关系上均不同于其他授权类型。授权改革试点消解了具体法律制度与改革的紧张关系,通过暂停适用或暂时调整法律规定为改革试验创造法治空间,既满足了改革主体的改革意愿,调动了地方试点的积极性,又强化了改革的信息反馈机制和效果检验机制,增强了改革的科学性和可接受性,贯彻了立法与改革决策相衔接的要求。下一步授权改革试点要上升为宪法制度,首先要通过宪法解释来明确其宪法依据,进而构造由法律保留原则、授权明确性原则和比例原则共同构成的原则体系,为其设定合宪性的基本遵循和规范。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金一般项目“全国人大常委会授权的宪法定位及规范化实施研究”(22BFX023)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["授权改革试点","宪法实践创新","法治与改革关系","合宪性"],"juan":"46","zhaiyao_cn":"全国人大常委会作出授权改革试点决定,是在新时代改革形势下在法治轨道上协调具体法律制度与改革紧张关系的创新举措,构成了一项重大的宪法实践创新。虽然《立法法》将这一实践创新确立为法律制度,但仍需从宪法视角来理解其宪法意义及宪制功能,据此为其上升为宪法正式制度提供规范依据。授权改革试点作为一种独特的授权类型,在性质、目的及所涉及的宪法权限关系上均不同于其他授权类型。授权改革试点消解了具体法律制度与改革的紧张关系,通过暂停适用或暂时调整法律规定为改革试验创造法治空间,既满足了改革主体的改革意愿,调动了地方试点的积极性,又强化了改革的信息反馈机制和效果检验机制,增强了改革的科学性和可接受性,贯彻了立法与改革决策相衔接的要求。下一步授权改革试点要上升为宪法制度,首先要通过宪法解释来明确其宪法依据,进而构造由法律保留原则、授权明确性原则和比例原则共同构成的原则体系,为其设定合宪性的基本遵循和规范。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7091","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7091","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240558","qi":"10","id":7091,"nian":2024,"bianHao":"1733126586095-1530727952","zuoZheEn_L":"QIN Xiaojian","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2024-12-02","qiShiYe":"31","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024/V46/I10","lanMu_cn":"法学·授权改革试点","pdfSize":"740","zuoZhe_CN":"秦小建","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7091","title_cn":"作为宪法实践创新的授权改革试点","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20240558","jieShuYe":"45","keywordList_en":["authorized pilot reform","innovation in constitutional practice","relationship between the rule of law and reform","constitutionality"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7091","zhaiyao_en":"The comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era has written a new chapter in the practice of China's Constitution. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out, “We will realize the convergence of legislation and reform decision-making, so as to ensure that major reforms are based on the law, and legislation is proactively adapted to the needs of reform and economic and social development.” Article 9 was added to the Legislation Law in 2023, which further clarifies the requirement of the principle of convergence and unity between legislation and reform decisions. In the new era, it is necessary to promote reform on the track of the rule of law and to realize the positive interaction between the rule of law and reform. Under this new reform situation, the NPC Standing Committee decided to authorize pilot reforms, which has neither delayed reforms due to the lack of a legal basis nor broken the law due to reforms, effectively easing the dilemma of whether to reform or to legislate first, and constituting a practical exploration and innovation in coordinating the tension between the rule of law and reforms in the new era.On this basis, this paper, comparing the authorization of reform pilot with other types of authorization in terms of the nature, purpose, and constitutional relationship, proposes that the authorization of reform pilot, as a unique type of authorization, is a practice creation at the constitutional level in response to the development of the practice of reform, which constitutes a constitutional practice of innovation that coordinates the relationship between the rule of law and the reform. The reason why the authorized reform pilot constitutes an innovation in constitutional practice is mainly that it plays the constitutional function of dissolving the tension between the specific legal system and the reform, realizing the intermingling of experimental legislation and trial-and-error reform, and adjusting the relationship between the top-level design of the central government and the local pilot projects. However, the discussion on the constitutionality of the authorized pilot reform cannot be absent, let alone be replaced by legitimacy, and its constitutional positioning and constitutional basis need to be understood from the perspective of the essence of the Constitution, or else it is very likely that the constitutional practice innovation will deviate from the constitutional track as a result of separating the provisions of the Legislation Law from the Constitution as a whole.Compared with previous literature, this paper points out that the authorized reform pilot is faced with three issues to rise from an innovation in constitutional practice to a constitutional system. Firstly, the constitutional basis for the authorization of pilot reforms should be clarified through constitutional interpretation. Article 16 of the Legislative Law, Item 18 of Article 89 and Item 3 of Article 67 of the Constitution cannot be used as the constitutional basis for authorizing the pilot reform. If we want to use Item 22 of Article 67 of the Constitution as the constitutional basis for authorizing the pilot reform, we need to demonstrate that the authorization is in line with the power attributes and functional positioning of the NPC Standing Committee in the power configuration system. Second, it is necessary to examine the constitutional implications of authorized pilot reforms from the perspective of power configuration. Authorized pilot reform constitutes the constitution in response to economic and social development and the power structure of the expedient adjustment of the normative mechanism. Third, the principles of legal reservation, clarity of authorization, and proportionality should be constructed as a system of principles to standardize and regulate the authorized pilot reform.To a certain extent, this paper reveals the internal logic of the pilot of authorized reform, as an innovation in constitutional practice, in what sense it can be called “innovation” rather than “unconstitutional reform”, and in what sense it should be institutionalized, rather than being corrected as unconstitutional, which helps to standardize and institutionalize innovation of constitutional practice, including authorized pilot reform, and promote the fusion of constitutional theory and constitutional practice innovation in China.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7091","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240558","zuoZheCn_L":"秦小建","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024/V46/I10","zuoZhe_EN":"QIN Xiaojian","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7091","title_en":"Pilot Reform of Authorization as an Innovation in Constitutional Practice","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["秦小建,中南财经政法大学法学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2024年第10期

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