暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：吕康宁

单位：西北大学法学院。

关键词：法律规则,立法逻辑,“汉德公式”,“帕累托效率”,相变

基金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“法律规则立法原理的法经济学分析研究”(18XJC820003);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“法治的形式要素及其法理意涵研究”(19FFXB066);国家社会科学基金一般项目“新中国成立以来地方立法权限变革的历程、逻辑与经验研究”(24BFX016)。

现有法律规则逻辑结构理论能有效描述法律规则的构成要素,但对立法建构法律规则的基本逻辑及正当性问题关注不足。随着法经济学研究的不断深入,为提炼解释法律规则立法逻辑的简约理论提供了条件。从构成要素入手,解析立法建构法律规则的基本逻辑、辨析其正当性,以及考察其“相变”会发现,“帕累托效率”标准是立法建构法律规则的真实逻辑,即将预防事故发生的负担分配给群体中预防成本较低的主体,从长远看利益受损者因为机会均等能获得充分的预先补偿,从而使变革获得一致同意、具备分配正义品格、提高社会整体福利。伴随着历史变迁,法律规则构成要素不断发生“相变”,但决定要素得以构成——确立与连接——的立法逻辑,总是“以不变应万变”支配着人类制度文明的追寻历程。由此,我国法律规则理论将实现从“描述”层次向“解释”层次的推进。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“法律规则立法原理的法经济学分析研究”(18XJC820003);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“法治的形式要素及其法理意涵研究”(19FFXB066);国家社会科学基金一般项目“新中国成立以来地方立法权限变革的历程、逻辑与经验研究”(24BFX016)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["法律规则","立法逻辑","“汉德公式”","“帕累托效率”","相变"],"juan":"46","zhaiyao_cn":"现有法律规则逻辑结构理论能有效描述法律规则的构成要素,但对立法建构法律规则的基本逻辑及正当性问题关注不足。随着法经济学研究的不断深入,为提炼解释法律规则立法逻辑的简约理论提供了条件。从构成要素入手,解析立法建构法律规则的基本逻辑、辨析其正当性,以及考察其“相变”会发现,“帕累托效率”标准是立法建构法律规则的真实逻辑,即将预防事故发生的负担分配给群体中预防成本较低的主体,从长远看利益受损者因为机会均等能获得充分的预先补偿,从而使变革获得一致同意、具备分配正义品格、提高社会整体福利。伴随着历史变迁,法律规则构成要素不断发生“相变”,但决定要素得以构成——确立与连接——的立法逻辑,总是“以不变应万变”支配着人类制度文明的追寻历程。由此,我国法律规则理论将实现从“描述”层次向“解释”层次的推进。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7103","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7103","articleType":"","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20241277","qi":"11","id":7103,"nian":2024,"bianHao":"1733127342035-1277121077","zuoZheEn_L":"LYU Kangning","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2024-12-02","qiShiYe":"112","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024/V46/I11","lanMu_cn":"法理学","pdfSize":"1456","zuoZhe_CN":"吕康宁","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7103","title_cn":"法律规则的立法逻辑:解析、证成与相变","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20241277","jieShuYe":"125","keywordList_en":["legal rules","legislative logic","“hand formula”","“pareto efficiency”","phase transformation"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7103","zhaiyao_en":"For a long time, research on legal rules in China's legal community has focused on the description of the constituent elements, forming a logical structure theory of legal rules dominated by the “two-element theory”, that is, legal rules are composed of two parts: behavioral patterns and legal consequences. This theory, through a modular approach, can effectively describe the constituent elements of legal rules, thereby simplifying the understanding of legal rules. However, the determination of behavior patterns by legislators and their connection with legal consequences to construct legal rules reflects not only the evaluation of conflicts of interest but also their ideal of how to organize social order. Therefore, there is insufficient attention to the question of whether the thinking process of legislators constructing legal rules implies the general rules of evaluating interests.What decision-making rules do legislators follow when constructing legal rules? Is it legitimate? Will there be any changes? The reflection on fundamental issues such as legal rules is referred to as the proposition of “legislative logic of legal rules” in this article. With the continuous deepening of traditional legal studies towards scientific and refined direction driven by domestic and foreign research in law economics, it is feasible to construct the concise theory of extracting and interpreting the legislative logic of legal rules in a general sense. This article, with the help of the research results of the logical composition theory of legal rules, adopts the research 2perspective and methods of law economics and focuses on exploring the benefit evaluation rules contained in the activities of legislators to determine their behavior patterns. Firstly, at the micro level, it analyzes the characteristics and underlying principles of legislative activities in assigning obligations to affected parties. Secondly, it demonstrates why this principle can obtain unanimous consent from the affected parties. Finally, it verifies whether this principle has universal guiding significance for legislative activities at different social stages.Compared with existing literature, this article starts with the establishment of behavioral patterns, analyzes the basic logic that governs the thinking activities of legislators in constructing legal rules, and examines its legitimacy. After examining its “phase transition”, it is found that the “Pareto efficiency” standard is the true logic that legislators follow in constructing legal rules, which distributes the burden of preventing accidents to the subjects with lower prevention costs in the group. In the long run, those who suffer losses can receive sufficient advance compensation due to equal opportunities, so that the change not only obtains the unanimous consent of the affected but also has the character of distributive justice, ultimately improving the overall social welfare.The theoretical extension of understanding legal rules as one of the core categories of law in this study is in the following aspects. Firstly, the underlying governing logic of the thinking activity of legislating to determine behavioral patterns and connecting them with legal consequences to construct legal rules follows the “Pareto efficiency” standard of interest transformation. Secondly, the “Two elements theory”, as a logical structure theory of legal rules, is descriptive and flat, while the “Pareto efficiency”, as a legislative logic theory of legal rules, is explanatory and three-dimensional. The progression from “description” to “explanation” and from “flat” to “three-dimensional” is the evolution of cognitive legal rules. Thirdly, with the continuous reduction of information acquisition costs driven by scientific and technological progress, the constituent elements of legal rules have undergone “phase transitions” in different historical periods. However, the decision-making logic of legislators establishing behavior patterns through interest evaluation always follows the “Pareto efficiency” standard. This logic always follows the principle of “responding to changes with the unchanging”, dominating the pursuit of human institutional civilization.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7103","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20241277","zuoZheCn_L":"吕康宁","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2024","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2024/V46/I11","zuoZhe_EN":"LYU Kangning","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7103","title_en":"The Legislative Logic of Legal Rules: Analysis, Proof, and Phase Transition","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["吕康宁,西北大学法学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2024年第11期

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