暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：朱晓峰

单位：中央财经大学法学院。

关键词：生育权,人格尊严,社会公共利益,单身女性,丧偶女性

生育权既是《民法典》第990条第2款规定的自然人基于人身自由、人格尊严而享有的民法上的人格权益,又是公民的基本权利。由于生育权在实现上需要男女两性协作,因此呈现出冲突性的特点,法律需要关注自然人彼此之间因生育权的实现而存在的利益冲突,也需要关注自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与社会公共利益之间的冲突。对此,在《民法典》以尊重人格尊严作为人格权保护的首要价值的背景下,应以自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与其他利益尤其是社会公共利益的平衡保护立场,修正当前存在利益冲突时所采用的畸轻畸重做法,以此助益于低生育率时代自然人生育权实现的同时,兼顾社会公共利益的保护。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"article":{"keywordList_cn":["生育权","人格尊严","社会公共利益","单身女性","丧偶女性"],"juan":"47","zhaiyao_cn":"生育权既是《民法典》第990条第2款规定的自然人基于人身自由、人格尊严而享有的民法上的人格权益,又是公民的基本权利。由于生育权在实现上需要男女两性协作,因此呈现出冲突性的特点,法律需要关注自然人彼此之间因生育权的实现而存在的利益冲突,也需要关注自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与社会公共利益之间的冲突。对此,在《民法典》以尊重人格尊严作为人格权保护的首要价值的背景下,应以自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与其他利益尤其是社会公共利益的平衡保护立场,修正当前存在利益冲突时所采用的畸轻畸重做法,以此助益于低生育率时代自然人生育权实现的同时,兼顾社会公共利益的保护。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7157","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7157","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240200","qi":"1","id":7157,"nian":2025,"bianHao":"1742196816292-1779062987","zuoZheEn_L":"ZHU Xiaofeng","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2025-03-17","qiShiYe":"97","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025/V47/I1","lanMu_cn":"法学·民法典实施","pdfSize":"729","zuoZhe_CN":"朱晓峰","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7157","title_cn":"《民法典》视野下生育权实现的利益冲突与协调","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20240200","jieShuYe":"112","keywordList_en":["reproductive rights","human dignity","social public interest","single women","widowed women"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7157","zhaiyao_en":"Reproductive issues have long been a focal concern for individuals, society, and the state, constituting a key domain of legal regulation. In contemporary China, legal debates surrounding procreation primarily concentrate on two dimensions: (1) The permissible scope of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in exercising reproductive rights-specifically under what circumstances ART applications should be authorized; (2) How to establish a new equilibrium between promoting and restricting reproductive rights to address urgent social challenges arising from plummeting fertility rates and an accelerating aging population.To resolve the dual challenges, this study employs normative analysis, case analysis, and axiological examination. Building upon a clarified theoretical framework regarding the subjects entitled to reproductive rights, it systematically analyzes major types of interest conflicts in the realization of reproductive rights. It aims to provide theoretical foundations for resolving both interpersonal conflicts among equal civil subjects in reproductive decision-making and the inherent tensions between private interests and societal public welfare.Reproductive rights embody dual legal attributes, functioning both as fundamental rights and personality rights. This dual legal nature dictates that while the exercise of reproductive rights typically requires collaboration between the male and the female, their entitlement remains independent of identity relationships. Anchored in the constitutional principles of personal freedom and human dignity under Article 990(2) of China's Civil Code, reproductive rights, like other personality rights, are inherent to natural persons by birth, irrespective of social status. Nevertheless, their practical realization may encounter constraints arising from objective factors, such as physiological limitations or state policy regulations.Reproductive rights, in their practical realization, exhibit distinctive characteristics compared to other personality rights, primarily due to biological differences between the male and the female. This distinctiveness manifests principally in the biological collaboration between male and female parties as a prerequisite for exercising such rights. Furthermore, with advancements in life sciences, this gender-based collaborative nature increasingly engenders novel legal disputes in reproductive practices.Guided by this inherent gender-interdependent framework, conflicts of interest in reproductive rights realization can be categorized into two typologies: (1) Interpersonal conflicts between heterosexual partners within specific social relationships regarding reproductive decision-making; (2) Structural tensions between individuals' private interests in procreative autonomy and societal public interests.Regarding interest conflicts between heterosexual partners, resolution mechanisms should be differentiated based on the biological threshold of conception: (1) Before successful conception, reproductive informed rights and procreative autonomy of both parties maintain absolute parity. This equality necessitates that the party opposing procreation shall prevail in decision-making when partners hold conflicting positions on reproductive implementation. (2) Upon achieving mutual consent in reproductive intent and successful conception, maternal primacy governs subsequent reproductive processes. The gestating party retains decisive authority over pregnancy continuation or termination, reflecting biological exigencies and constitutional protections of women's health rights.Addressing conflicts between private and public interests in reproductive rights realization requires a differentiated analytical framework: (1) The conflict paradigm must first distinguish between inter-spousal conflicts involving private interests of partnered individuals versus societal welfare and individual-state tensions arising from unmarried persons' procreative autonomy clashing with population governance objectives. (2) Conflict-resolution rules shall be established through proportional balancing rather than absolutist approaches. Neither should public interests be disregarded in the exclusive pursuit of private benefits (e.g., unregulated surrogacy commercialization), nor should private interests be sacrificed under the sole pretext of safeguarding societal welfare (e.g., blanket prohibitions on elective oocyte cryopreservation for single women). (3) When such conflicts emerge, the three-dimensional evaluation must be conducted to determine protection boundaries through a cost-benefit analysis of competing interests, establish graduated thresholds for state intervention proportionality, and prevent regulatory overreach/underreach through dynamic equilibrium mechanisms.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7157","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240200","zuoZheCn_L":"朱晓峰","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025/V47/I1","zuoZhe_EN":"ZHU Xiaofeng","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7157","title_en":"Interest Conflict and Coordination in Reproductive Rights Realization: A Civil Code Framework Analysis","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["朱晓峰,中央财经大学法学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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