暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：薛丹妮

单位：上海社会科学院哲学研究所。

关键词：认知意识,知觉,思维,思辨,人工智能,DeepSeek

基金：上海市哲学社会科学自筹课题“从马克思主义中国化‘两个结合’的维度审视马克思恩格斯著作在中国的早期转译传播”(2022ZKS005);上海社会科学院院招标课题“面向人工智能体的黑格尔‘思维(Denken)’研究”(060009-G-2023-1)。

人工智能,包括DeepSeek式人工智能危险性的根源,不在其能否具有类人或超人的能力,而在其能否具有人类认知意识。当代人工智能意识研究大多默认讨论主观体验意义上的意识,并因此陷入困境。依循黑格尔在认知意义上讨论意识能够摆脱之,继而切实回答人工智能意识的限度、人类意识的本质以及人工智能意识能否成为人类意识等问题。在认知意义上,人工智能具有意识,其可能性主要由人工知觉能力与机器学习范式保障,但也因此存在知觉认识基础与数学认识过程的有限性,包括直接肯定性、形式普遍性与抽象同一性等。然而,人类认知意识的本质是思维,思维的特征是无限的思辨性,即特定的否定性与具体的统一性。显然,人工智能认知意识不擅此道,无可能成为人类认知意识,亦因此不若人工智能威胁论主张般危险。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["上海市哲学社会科学自筹课题“从马克思主义中国化‘两个结合’的维度审视马克思恩格斯著作在中国的早期转译传播”(2022ZKS005);上海社会科学院院招标课题“面向人工智能体的黑格尔‘思维(Denken)’研究”(060009-G-2023-1)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["认知意识","知觉","思维","思辨","人工智能","DeepSeek"],"juan":"47","zhaiyao_cn":"人工智能,包括DeepSeek式人工智能危险性的根源,不在其能否具有类人或超人的能力,而在其能否具有人类认知意识。当代人工智能意识研究大多默认讨论主观体验意义上的意识,并因此陷入困境。依循黑格尔在认知意义上讨论意识能够摆脱之,继而切实回答人工智能意识的限度、人类意识的本质以及人工智能意识能否成为人类意识等问题。在认知意义上,人工智能具有意识,其可能性主要由人工知觉能力与机器学习范式保障,但也因此存在知觉认识基础与数学认识过程的有限性,包括直接肯定性、形式普遍性与抽象同一性等。然而,人类认知意识的本质是思维,思维的特征是无限的思辨性,即特定的否定性与具体的统一性。显然,人工智能认知意识不擅此道,无可能成为人类认知意识,亦因此不若人工智能威胁论主张般危险。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7154","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7154","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240681","qi":"1","id":7154,"nian":2025,"bianHao":"1742196814737-65947052","zuoZheEn_L":"XUE Danni","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2025-03-17","qiShiYe":"46","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025/V47/I1","lanMu_cn":"哲学","pdfSize":"658","zuoZhe_CN":"薛丹妮","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7154","title_cn":"黑格尔哲学视域下的人工智能意识批判——从DeepSeek式人工智能谈起","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20240681","jieShuYe":"59","keywordList_en":["cognitive consciousness","perception","thought","speculation","AI","DeepSeek"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7154","zhaiyao_en":"Since the birth of AI, a worry anchored in the minds of some scholars and the public is that the danger of AI to human beings will increase with its ability development and application expansion. However, it is often overlooked that the core of intelligence is consciousness and the root of the danger of AI to human beings lies in whether it has consciousness, especially whether it has humanoid or even superhuman consciousness, or whether its ability and application are out of this kind of AI consciousness. As contemporary AI consciousness research is trapped in an “explanation gap” and “difficult question” because of using the subjective experience meaning of consciousness concept and indulging in studying the objective experience dimension of consciousness concept, it cannot answer the above questions.Based on Hegel's philosophy, this paper investigates the possibility of AI cognitive consciousness, including cognitive consciousness of AI in DeepSeek type, criticizes the limitation of AI cognitive consciousness, including cognitive consciousness of AI in DeepSeek type, explores the speculative nature of human cognitive consciousness, and finally proves that AI cognitive consciousness, including cognitive consciousness of AI in DeepSeek type, cannot become human cognitive consciousness, nor is it as dangerous as AI threat theory claims.The possibility of AI cognitive consciousness is mainly guaranteed by artificial perceptual ability and machine learning paradigm, so it shows the limitations of perceptual knowledge foundation and mathematical knowledge process. These limitations make the cognitive consciousness of AI to be obsessed with certainty, identity, and perceptual directness, and to be lacked of negativity, unity, and essence. The essence of human cognitive consciousness is speculative thinking, that is, it develops into a process of specific negation and concrete unity through the dialectical movement of consciousness, and it includes two aspects of cognition and practice, which have outstanding performance in the movement of the duality of human consciousness and the establishment of human subjectivity. Therefore, as the subject of speculative thinking, human being is a self with “real conscience”, and his cognitive consciousness is the result of specific negation and concrete unity among himself, the other, and the world, which contains not only the objective content of truth but also the objective system of norm and obligation. Subjective knowledge is consistent with the objective content and system. This is the patent of human subject and human cognitive consciousness and the barrier of AI and its cognitive consciousness. Compared with existing research on AI consciousness, the innovations of this paper are as follows: limiting the cognitive meaning of consciousness, supplementing the metaphysical dimension of consciousness, adhering to dialectical monism, investigating the dialectical movement of consciousness, and clarifying the limitation of AI consciousness, that is, the essence of human consciousness that cannot be simulated by computer system, thus doing a good job in philosophical construction for the premise and base of risk and governance as well as challenge and regulation of AI in legal and moral fields.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7154","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20240681","zuoZheCn_L":"薛丹妮","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025/V47/I1","zuoZhe_EN":"XUE Danni","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7154","title_en":"Critique of AI Consciousness from the Perspective of Hegel s Philosophy: Based on AI in DeepSeek Type","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["薛丹妮,上海社会科学院哲学研究所。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2025年第1期

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