暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：柯萌

单位：同济大学马克思主义学院。

关键词：否定辩证法,同一性思维,非同一性思维,自由个性

基金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新科技革命背景下劳动解放的现实挑战与实践路径研究”(23CKS056)。

阿多尔诺认为,同一性思维把现代社会塑造为充斥“肯定性”与“合理性”,压制“否定性”与自由个性的极权社会,从而提出了以“非同一性”为原则的“否定辩证法”。他深刻揭露了同一性思维借助大众文化对现代人进行的隐性统治,并对黑格尔唯心主义辩证法、“概念拜物教”和海德格尔本体论哲学进行了“非同一性”批判,表达了解放自由个性的诉求。但这种强调“绝对否定”的“非同一性”思维能否将自由个性从同一性专制中解放出来,是值得学界深入探究的问题。事实上,阿多尔诺的精英主义倾向使其忽视了对民众主观能动性的调动;“否定辩证法”的“主体-客体”批判框架和“否定主义”倾向使其演变为不平等、非辩证、脱离现实的封闭理论体系;对资本逻辑同一性统治的批判力度不足使该理论缺乏实践价值。因此,“否定辩证法”最终只能构建一个“否定的乌托邦”,难以达成解放自由个性的目标。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金青年项目“新科技革命背景下劳动解放的现实挑战与实践路径研究”(23CKS056)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["否定辩证法","同一性思维","非同一性思维","自由个性"],"juan":"47","zhaiyao_cn":"阿多尔诺认为,同一性思维把现代社会塑造为充斥“肯定性”与“合理性”,压制“否定性”与自由个性的极权社会,从而提出了以“非同一性”为原则的“否定辩证法”。他深刻揭露了同一性思维借助大众文化对现代人进行的隐性统治,并对黑格尔唯心主义辩证法、“概念拜物教”和海德格尔本体论哲学进行了“非同一性”批判,表达了解放自由个性的诉求。但这种强调“绝对否定”的“非同一性”思维能否将自由个性从同一性专制中解放出来,是值得学界深入探究的问题。事实上,阿多尔诺的精英主义倾向使其忽视了对民众主观能动性的调动;“否定辩证法”的“主体-客体”批判框架和“否定主义”倾向使其演变为不平等、非辩证、脱离现实的封闭理论体系;对资本逻辑同一性统治的批判力度不足使该理论缺乏实践价值。因此,“否定辩证法”最终只能构建一个“否定的乌托邦”,难以达成解放自由个性的目标。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7166","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7166","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20241789","qi":"2","id":7166,"nian":2025,"bianHao":"1742197561735-2044731912","zuoZheEn_L":"KE Meng","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2025-03-17","qiShiYe":"55","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025/V47/I2","lanMu_cn":"哲学","pdfSize":"715","zuoZhe_CN":"柯萌","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7166","title_cn":"“非同一性”能否通向自由个性？——论阿多尔诺“否定辩证法”的哲学救赎","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20241789","jieShuYe":"69","keywordList_en":["Negative Dialectics","identity thinking","non-identity thinking","free individuality"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7166","zhaiyao_en":"The “Negative Dialectics”, based on the principle of “non-identity”, deeply criticized the totalitarian society that suppressed “negativity” and free individuality, and put forward Adorno's demand to liberate free individuality from the tyrannical rule of identity thinking. However, the “Negative Dialectics”, which emphasized continuous negation and subversion, was ultimately unable to counter the pervasive integration mechanism of capitalism and realize the redemption of free individuality. Therefore, in the context of advanced capitalism, to explore why “Negative Dialectics” cannot save free individuality and how to save the free individuality oppressed by identity thinking is important for objectively evaluating Adorno's negationist view of freedom, seeking a realistic path to break the domination of identity thinking, and based on this, to change the irrational social reality and promote the free and comprehensive development of individuals.This paper adopts the method of literature research and historical analysis, focuses on the core issue of whether “non-identity” can redeem free individuality, and provides an in-depth textual interpretation of the Dialectic of Enlightenment and Negative Dialectics. It analyzes the theory of freedom in the “Negative Dialectics” in the context of the conditions and theories in which it was produced, and combines it with the critical views of scholars such as Fiske and Habermas to make a dialectical evaluation of the progress and limitations of Adorno's thought. “Negative Dialectics” is a profound examination of identity thinking that affirms reality and suppresses individuality, and the emphasis on difference, diversity and contradiction builds a rather emotional philosophical methodology for the emancipation of free individuality. However, Adorno's elitist thinking led him to ignore the people's initiative; the “subject-object” critical framework and “negativist” thinking of the “Negative Dialectics” may lead it to evolve into a closed theoretical system that is unequal, non-dialectical, and detached from reality; and the insufficient critique of the domination of the logic of capital led to the theory's lack of practical value. Therefore, the “Negative Dialectics” can only construct a “utopia of negation”, which can hardly achieve the goal of liberating free individuality.The innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following two aspects. Firstly, with the help of Fiske's theory of “Producer Text” and the latest development of mass culture carried by new media, it indicates that people can resist integration, make their choices, and criticize the social reality, and that to fight against the domination of identity thinking, it is necessary to rely on the power of the people's subjectivity. Secondly, in the light of the latest forms of capitalist control, it examines the changing and unchanging aspects of capitalist ideological domination and the mechanisms by which it works, and clarifies whether it is the ideological manipulation in the 20th century carried by popular culture or the ideological manipulation in the platform era carried by algorithms, the behind-the-scenes manipulator is the logic of capital that seeks to maximize profits, and the failure to place the critique of the logic of capital at the center is the biggest theoretical flaw of the “Negative Dialectics”.This paper explains the internal logic, theoretical contributions, and shortcomings of Adorno's idea of freedom through a multidisciplinary, multi-theoretical cross-fertilization approach, which helps promote the mutual exchange and penetration of the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, psychology, and culture. 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来源：2025年第2期

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