暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)

作者：蔡智力

单位：湖北大学历史文化学院。

关键词：《四库全书总目》,文集,文学,学术,文学独立

基金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“中国古典‘文学’概念反思性研究”(24FZWA003)。

在近代文学理论中,文集或集部被当作文学的指称,论者甚至以集部或文集的创立为文学独立的标志。但古代典籍异常繁杂,往往一书兼具多体。《四库全书总目》部次群书时便不得不予以辨体:或对此类杂体书作规范性批评,或据所辨“书体”进行分类。在对集部进行辨体时,《四库全书总目》往往将义理、史事、名物等内容元素列举为文集的对立面,凸显文集的文本形式。由于内容与形式在现象界无法截然二分,因此文集与集部的确立是文本形式价值的显题化,相对而言经史子则是内容价值显题化。相应地,“文学”与“学术”的分际也只是从抽象概念层面分别对形式与内容的凸显,在具体书写品中它们仍是一体两面的关系。可见,“文学”独立于“学术”的论断并不符合古代中国的文化实情。"/>template{display:none;}.mag-rich-xref-fn { cursor: pointer;}//长视频$(document).ready(function(){if($("#showLongArticleVideo") && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length && $("#showLongArticleVideo").length>0){mag_ajax_update({ele_id:'showLongArticleVideo',url:mag_currentQikanUrl() + "/CN/article/showLongArticleVideo.do?id="+$("#articleId").val()});}});$(document).ready(function(){window.metaData = {"journal":{"issn":"1000-5072","qiKanMingCheng_CN":"暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）","id":2,"qiKanMingCheng_EN":"Jinan Journal"},"fundList_cn":["国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“中国古典‘文学’概念反思性研究”(24FZWA003)。"],"article":{"keywordList_cn":["《四库全书总目》","文集","文学","学术","文学独立"],"juan":"47","zhaiyao_cn":"在近代文学理论中,文集或集部被当作文学的指称,论者甚至以集部或文集的创立为文学独立的标志。但古代典籍异常繁杂,往往一书兼具多体。《四库全书总目》部次群书时便不得不予以辨体:或对此类杂体书作规范性批评,或据所辨“书体”进行分类。在对集部进行辨体时,《四库全书总目》往往将义理、史事、名物等内容元素列举为文集的对立面,凸显文集的文本形式。由于内容与形式在现象界无法截然二分,因此文集与集部的确立是文本形式价值的显题化,相对而言经史子则是内容价值显题化。相应地,“文学”与“学术”的分际也只是从抽象概念层面分别对形式与内容的凸显,在具体书写品中它们仍是一体两面的关系。可见,“文学”独立于“学术”的论断并不符合古代中国的文化实情。","endNoteUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7226","reference":"","bibtexUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7226","abstractUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20231380","qi":"5","id":7226,"nian":2025,"bianHao":"1752550977025-1408848374","zuoZheEn_L":"CAI Zhili","juanUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025","shouCiFaBuRiQi":"2025-07-15","qiShiYe":"17","qiUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025/V47/I5","lanMu_cn":"中国文学原理及其特质","pdfSize":"1471","zuoZhe_CN":"蔡智力","risUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7226","title_cn":"从《四库全书总目》书籍辨体反思中国古典“文学”与“学术”之关系","doi":"10.11778/j.jnxb.20231380","jieShuYe":"31","keywordList_en":["Comprehensive Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Divisions"," anthologies","literature","scholarship","the Liberation of Literature"],"endNoteUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=7226","zhaiyao_en":"The May Fourth New Literature Movement gave rise to the so-called the Liberation of Literature or the Consciousness of Literature, advocating that ancient Chinese Literature became independent from scholarship constraints since the Han and Wei dynasties, possessing pure aesthetic qualities devoid of utilitarianism. This perspective significantly influenced the study of classical Chinese literature, so that many literary genres and works from ancient China have been excluded from classical literary studies because they do not conform to modern literary standards. The emergence of anthologies or the establishment of ji-bu (category of anthologies) sections is often regarded by proponents of the Liberation of Literature as a sign of literary independence. Therefore, in modern literary theory, they are often considered as corresponding directly to literature.Focusing on the Comprehensive Catalog of the Imperial Collection of Four Divisions (四库全书总目) as the subject of study, this paper analyzes the discourse on stylistic analysis it employed when categorizing books, in order to scrutinize the internal logic guiding its classification of ji-bu sections. It further delves into the implicit relationship between literature and scholarship underlying this classification, thereby reflecting on the effectiveness of interpreting classical literature through the lens of the Liberation of Literature. The paper finds that classical Chinese texts are exceptionally complex, often encompassing multiple literary forms within a single work. When categorizing books, the General Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Divisions had to analyze the literary forms of the miscellaneous genre books and either offer normative criticisms or classify them based on the identified styles as expediently as possible. When distinguishing the styles of ji-bu sections, it often juxtaposed content elements such as philosophical ideas, historical events, and political systems as the heterogeneous counterparts of anthologies. Relevant books were included in the Classics, Histories, and Philosophies sections based on the prominence of their content values, thus highlighting the formal values of anthologies. Since content and form are inseparable in the phenomenal world, the establishment of anthologies and ji-bu sections epitomized the formal value, while the Classics, Histories, and Philosophies sections epitomized the content value. Therefore, the distinction between literature and scholarship merely epitomized the highlighting of formal value and content value from an abstract conceptual perspective. It implies that literature was a concept within the realm of form in ancient China, fundamentally unrestricted by content; in other words, any content could be fitted into the formal framework of literature. However, within the realm of written works, literature and scholarship still appeared as two sides of the same coin.Therefore, the Liberation of Literature, as supported by the establishment of anthologies or ji-bu sections, does not correspond to the historical reality of the ancient concept of literature. In ancient China, literature was never independent in the field of phenomena; its independence within the realm of abstract concepts was evident when Confucius stated “without literary refinement, one cannot go far in life (言之无文,行而不远)” without needing to wait until the Han and Wei periods as some scholars suggest. The distinction between concepts and the classification of things is a completely different matter. Concepts are abstract, while things are concrete. Abstract concepts may have essential differences, but when applied to specific objects, they inevitably have two sides. However, when it comes to classifying things, one must distinguish between the two sides of these entities. The Liberation of Literature, based on the establishment of ji-bu sections, confused the nature of concepts and classifications in its approach.Distinguished from existing reflections on the Liberation of Literature, which focus on the period of its emergence and the revelation of its intellectual origins, this paper takes a different approach. It conducts an in-depth analysis using the classical work of classical bibliography, the Comprehensive Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four Divisions as a typical text. This paper reveals the inherent logic behind its classification of ji-bu sections and reevaluates the methods of argumentation in the Liberation of Literature from the perspective of bibliography. This paper provides a new perspective on reflecting on the nature of classical literature, which helps Chinese classical literary research break free from the constraints of Western romantic literary trends of modern times, enabling it to achieve a fusion of horizons.","bibtexUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=7226","abstractUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/10.11778/j.jnxb.20231380","zuoZheCn_L":"蔡智力","juanUrl_cn":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/CN/Y2025","lanMu_en":"","qiUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/Y2025/V47/I5","zuoZhe_EN":"CAI Zhili","risUrl_en":"https://jnxb.jnu.edu.cn/skb/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=7226","title_en":"Reflecting on the Relationship between Classical Chinese Literature and Scholarship Based on the Comprehensive Catalog of the Imperial Collection of Four Divisions","hasPdf":"true"},"authorNotes_cn":["蔡智力,湖北大学历史文化学院。"]};if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_cn && window.metaData.authorNotes_cn)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_cn = window.metaData.authorNotes_cn;}if(window.metaData && (!window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en && !window.metaData.authorNotesCorresp_en && window.metaData.authorNotes_en)){window.metaData.authorNotesCommon_en = window.metaData.authorNotes_en;}var _nlmdtdXml = $("#article_nlmdtdXml").val();var magDir = _nlmdtdXml.replace(/\/[^\/]+$/,'');window.metaData.magDir = magDir;new mag_vue({ el: '#metaVue', //dataUrl: mag_currentQikanUrl() + '/EN/article/getRichHtmlJson.do?articleId='+$("#articleId").val(), data:window.metaData, loading:true, doTextFun:function(text){ return doDataJsonText(text); 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来源：2025年第5期

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